| Property | Unit | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Density | g/cm³ | 5.8–6.1 |
| Mohs Hardness | — | 8–9 |
| Flexural Strength | MPa | 800–1500+ |
| Fracture Toughness (KIC) | MPa·m¹/² | 8–15+ |
| Melting Point | °C | ~2715 |
| Maximum Service Temperature (YSZ) | °C | ~2400 (depending on stabilizer) |
| Thermal Conductivity (20°C) | W/(m·K) | 2.0–3.0 |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | K⁻¹ | 9.0×10⁻⁶ – 11.0×10⁻⁶ |
| Volume Resistivity (20°C) | Ω·cm | >10¹⁰ |
| Dielectric Constant (1 MHz) | — | 22–30 |